Database Server - what is it and why do I need it

Only a few computer owners actively access a database server - however, many programs actively use it without their knowledge. There are different and specific reasons to use this process. Typically, programs store changeable data in variables that are stored in memory. However, this approach is not suitable for complex structures as it burdens the memory, which is limited and relatively small compared to another storage medium. Considering the high number of processes a processor handles simultaneously, it is therefore logical to outsource extensive information to a database server.

Database Server - Often Overlooked Yet Invaluable

It is a common practice for various programs to create a database server in the background to remain universally applicable and securely store information in any case. When stored in temporary RAM memory, this information is immediately lost once the system restarts. However, in numerous situations, this approach proves to be impractical - for example, if a large number of files including their contents need to be indexed, a new capture after each restart would be memory and processing intensive. This could result in, for instance, long loading times of a web hosting.

For this reason, most programs store their information in a database that can practically expand almost infinitely and - when needed - can be quickly loaded into memory. They do not always rely on an external database server. Some procedures like SQLite do not require additional instances, but instead store data directly on the hard drive and then read it back by analysing the file.

Difference between a file-based and a server-based database

Of course, it is possible to store all relevant information in a specific, well-defined syntax such as Number/Name/Property in a file. However, this approach is only suitable for objects up to a certain size - the main issues are primarily the speed of each access and querying individual parameters. Compared to RAM, accessing data from a hard drive takes ten times longer or more.

In reality, certain procedures like SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server, or PostgreSQL are used. They allow managing a database without an external server responsible for administration. However, as the size increases, efficiency and access times decrease. This is where MySQL and MariaDB excel, as they are better indexed.

Database Servers - Why are they necessary?

In most cases, database servers run directly as services on a Dedicated Server or Virtual Private Server. However, in cases of high traffic or very large databases, it is advisable to host them on dedicated high-performance servers to optimise speed and distribute the computational load. The contents of a database include, for example, all global information on a website such as texts, links, users, or encrypted passwords. Storing these centrally on a local web server can lead to discrepancies that affect its overall speed.

Photo: Gerd Altmann from Pixabay